Research Problem

Examination Problem Section 2: Definition OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND STEPS OF RESEARCH 2.1 INTRODUCTION: One of the significant ideas and the foundation of exploration investigation is that of ‘identifying research problem(s). This is the genuine trouble that regularly makes puzzle in the brains of analysts at the underlying phase of examination work. It is fairly analysts observation or acknowledgment of a trouble that spurs him/her for arranging an examination. All the creative mind that rules in the psyche of a specialist while perceiving about an exploration, trouble may not be essentially a best fit and exact issue, for which, the procedure and errand of recognizable proof of a decent examination issue is considered as a ‘discovery in itself. 2.2 FORMULATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM Nonetheless, in a general importance, an exploration issue might be expressed as some trouble which an individual (director) or organization(s) or society faces and the arrangement on the current trouble is looked for. An appropriate, precise and exhaustive investigation of an examination issue will empower the specialist (might be social researcher if there should be an occurrence of sociology exploration or business official in the event of business research) to be in good shape during the time spent examination. As it is regularly said that an issue or trouble might be characterized/expressed unmistakably rewarded as half fathomed. As much as the analyst is clear about the issue, it will be better on his/her part to easily carry on the whole considerable advances constantly consistently during the time spent execution of a logical examination work. 2.3 COMPONENTS OF RESEARCH PROBLEM: The segments of distinguishing an examination issue suggest that of dissecting some essential necessities which are required during the time spent recognizing an exploration issue. In this procedure, an examination objective ought to fulfill five essential prerequisites as laid out beneath: a. Presence of Both Researcher(s) and Respondent(s): One of the essential necessities for distinguishing an examination issue is the nearness of both the gatherings the researcher(s) and the respondent (s). The respondent(s) might be an individual or a gathering who face some trouble or issue. Essentially, the analyst might be an individual or a gathering who need to tackle the current issue of the respondent(s). The respondents might be the clients, workers, administrators and so on., in the event of business research where as they might be regular people if there should arise an occurrence of sociology research. For instance, on the off chance that the respondents are not confronting any trouble, at that point there may not emerge any inquiry of dynamic and subsequently, no way of exploration. b. Both Must Have Some Objectives: The second fundamental prerequisite is that, to recognize an exploration issue, both the gatherings must have a few destinations. The respondents need to satisfy their fundamental prerequisites of life, need to live in a solid domain, eagerness to buy new items, to keep up way of life and overall are having boundless needs. The scientists task is to tackle the current groups during the time spent accomplishing the wants of the respondents i.e., fulfillment of boundless human needs. c. Both Must Have Some Doubt While Selecting Alternatives: The respondents are having various options with them. This makes questions in their psyche while choosing which choice to choose. Essentially, the specialists are additionally having hardly any choices as questions. This may prompt the subject of choosing the significant one that can take care of the current issue in a superior manner. For instance: Let that Hindustan Unilever Ltd. (HUL), is intrigued to dining another brand of tooth glue, with the brand name ‘PARAS in India. The RD cell of HUL is intrigued to realize the market image of this item and needs to anticipate the practicality of the item in the market before presenting it. The specialists of HUL may distinguish some difficult zones like: Who are the significant rival in this item classification?, What are the brand picture and portion of various contenders?, What is the vendors response towards the proposed item? In which market section (region) HUL should think? and so forth. All these are required for the RD individuals for proposing their administration while choosing whether to lunch the item or not? All the four options picked can offer the response to the inquiry that whether to go for the new item. Be that as it may, because of some requirement the group needs to settle on a decision between the other options and need to focus on any one or hardly any other options. Presently it is troublesome with respect to the researcher(s) to conclude what one will give better outcome to accomplish at the ideal destinations. Essentially, the respondents are additionally having number of choices with them while buying an item. d. There Must be an Environment: An action can develop in a domain. Like insightful an exploration issue can exist in a domain. The earth might be social, business, political, segment, mechanical or any such conditions described by issues of any sort. 2.4 FACTORS OF PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION: Beginning issues or questions establish the underlying stage during the time spent issue detailing. The procedure of issue finding is having some segment of examination. These segments answer to the general inquiries like how to continue during the time spent issue distinguishing proof? In this association Gupta 2001, recognizes three head parts in the dynamic detailing of an exploration issue like: * What one needs to know? (The beginning a general inquiry) * Why one needs to have the specific inquiries replied? (the justification behind the inquiry) * Analyzing the inquiries arranged looking for their propriety. a. What One Wants to Know? This kind of inquiry for the most part speaks to the start of specific troubles or difficulties which, ought to be defined in such explicit terms in order to demonstrate where precisely the responses to the issue can be found. One sort of starting inquiry calls for finding specific matter of basic intrigue. Another kind of beginning inquiry causes direct to notice the quest for investigation and examination between various factors in a general public. A few inquiries might be elucidating in nature, while another gathering of scientists may bring up the issues dependent on the sufficiency of specific ideas, while some might be keen on breaking down watched exact speculations, etc. b. Why One Wants to Have the Particular Question Answered? The second period of issue detailing is that of breaking down the dubiousness or sane of the defined inquiry. Method of reasoning is characterized as the announcement of reasons why a specific inquiry is having some an incentive in that conditions. Thus, it answers to the inquiry how the responses to the question(s) figured will add to hypothesis or/and practically speaking? c. Breaking down the Questions Formulated: Each question varies to that of another inquiry in their level of explicitness. A few inquiries might be very diffused where as some might be generally explicit and a few inquiries figured might be undifferentiated or melded. In this way the inquiries must be separated into a few determining questions identified with the specific angles might be from the board field or identified with the regions of sociology or can be any blend between the two. 2.5. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM: One of the significant worries before concluding the issue in research is that of altogether examining the idea of the recognized problem(s) by the scientist. As it is now expressed before that the specialists may confront number of clusters (i.e., restricted time, less spending plan, absence of assets and so forth.) during the time spent exploration, thus, they need to think about the groups that they are confronting and the idea of issue they have distinguished. The accompanying deduction will help the peruser in explaining this idea. Case-1: When the issue is limited in scope Adversary model: ‘Soft drink propensities for the executives understudies of a specific organization of a particular territory?. Like ‘Soft drink propensities for the executives understudies of IMF, Bangalore. ‘Socio-financial state of organic product merchants of Noida and so forth Arrangement: These cases require less an ideal opportunity to execute, more affordable and furthermore requires less assets. Case-2: When the issue distinguished is wide in scope For instance: ‘Impact of world monetary emergency on corporate business ‘Impact of government programs on provincial advancement in India Arrangement: Take Long time, costly and need more assets. Case-3: The issue distinguished can't be estimated For instance: ‘Will this new data innovation improve society? ‘Is it conceivable to move the person to Moon to settle there? Arrangements: Difficult to evaluate. In light of the open impediments, the analysts are encouraged to choose their own concern. On the off chance that they are having less time, less fund to execute research work and so forth., here it is fitting to recognize an exploration issue which might be thin in scope, etc. 2.6. Wellsprings OF IDENTIFYING RESEARCH PROBLEM(S): Where is the issues lie? or on the other hand what will be the wellsprings of exploration issue? This is the issue that for the most part astounds the psyches of specialists toward the starting phase of the examination. The majority of the scientists are consistently looking for research issues. The assignment of issue choice is continually befuddling. One can investigate an examination issue essentially from three significant sources. They are 1. Specialists own advantage 2. Contemporary interests of the specialist 3. Recognizing unexplored regions 1. Scientists Own Interest: Gupta (2001) brought up that individual qualities assume a significant job alongside different determinants in the determination of a subject of examination. Researcher(s) with various qualities will in general pick various points for examination. It is consistently fitting and better to choose the issue dependent on the own enthusiasm of the scientist itself. A r

The History of Gravity and Aristotle

The History of Gravity and Aristotle One of the most inescapable practices that we experience, its no big surprise that even the soonest researchers attempted to comprehend why articles fall toward the ground. The Greek savant Aristotle gave one of the soonest and most thorough endeavors at a logical clarification of this conduct by advancing that items pushed toward their regular spot. This common spot for the component of Earth was in the focal point of the Earth (which was, obviously, the focal point of the universe in Aristotles geocentric model of the universe). Encompassing the Earth was a concentric circle that was the common domain of water, encompassed by the characteristic domain of air, and afterward the normal domain of fire over that. Accordingly, Earth soaks in water, water soaks noticeable all around, and flares ascend above air. Everything inclines toward its common spot in Aristotles model, and it seems to be genuinely steady with our instinctive understanding and essential perceptions about how the world functions. Aristotle further accepted that items fall at a speed that is relative to their weight. As such, on the off chance that you took a wooden article and a metal object of a similar size and dropped them both, the heavier metal item would fall at a relatively quicker speed. Galileo and Motion Aristotles theory about movement toward a substances regular spot held influence for around 2,000 years, until the hour of Galileo Galilei. Galileo directed tests moving objects of various loads down slanted planes (not dropping them off the Tower of Pisa, notwithstanding the well known spurious stories with this impact), and found that they fell with a similar increasing speed rate paying little mind to their weight. Notwithstanding the exact proof, Galileo likewise developed a hypothetical psychological test to help this end. Here is the manner by which the cutting edge logician depicts Galileos approach in his 2013 book Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking: Some psychological studies are analyzable as thorough contentions, regularly of the structure reductio advertisement absurdum, in which one takes ones adversaries premises and determines a proper inconsistency (a ridiculous outcome), demonstrating that they cant all be correct. One of my top picks is the verification ascribed to Galileo that substantial things dont fall quicker than lighter things (when grinding is unimportant). On the off chance that they did, he contended, at that point since substantial stone A would fall quicker than light stone B, on the off chance that we attached B to A, stone B would go about as a drag, easing back A down. In any case, An attached to B is heavier than An alone, so the two together ought to likewise fall quicker than A without anyone else. We have reasoned that binds B to A would make something that fell both quicker and more slow than A without anyone else, which is a logical inconsistency. Newton Introduces Gravity The significant commitment created by Sir Isaac Newton was to perceive this falling movement saw on Earth was a similar conduct of movement that the Moon and different articles understanding, which holds them set up inside connection to one another. (This knowledge from Newton was based upon crafted by Galileo, yet in addition by grasping the heliocentric model and Copernican standard, which had been created by Nicholas Copernicus preceding Galileos work.) Newtons advancement of the law of all inclusive attraction, all the more frequently called the law of gravity, united these two ideas as a numerical recipe that appeared to apply to decide the power of fascination between any two articles with mass. Along with Newtons laws of movement, it made a proper arrangement of gravity and movement that would control logical understanding unchallenged for more than two centuries. Einstein Redefines Gravity The following significant advance in our comprehension of gravity originates from Albert Einstein, as his general hypothesis of relativity, which depicts the connection among issue and movement through the essential clarification that objects with mass really twist the very texture of existence (by and large called spacetime). This progressions the way of articles in a manner that is as per our comprehension of gravity. Subsequently, the current comprehension of gravity is that it is a consequence of items finishing the most brief way spacetime, adjusted by the twisting of close by gigantic articles. In most of cases that we run into, this is in finished concurrence with Newtons old style law of gravity. There are a few cases which require the more refined comprehension of general relativity to fit the information to the necessary degree of exactness. The Search for Quantum Gravity Be that as it may, there are a few situations where not general relativity can very give us significant outcomes. In particular, there are situations where general relativity is incongruent with the comprehension of quantum material science. A standout amongst other known about these models is along the limit of a dark opening, where the smooth texture of spacetime is inconsistent with the granularity of vitality required by quantum material science. This was hypothetically settled by the physicist Stephen Hawking, in a clarification that anticipated dark gaps transmit vitality through Hawking radiation. What is required, in any case, is an exhaustive hypothesis of gravity that can completely join quantum material science. Such a hypothesis of quantum gravity would be required so as to determine these inquiries. Physicists have numerous contender for such a hypothesis, the most mainstream of which is string hypothesis, yet none which yield adequate test proof (or even adequate exploratory forecasts) to be checked and extensively acknowledged as a right portrayal of physical reality. Gravity-Related Mysteries Notwithstanding the requirement for a quantum hypothesis of gravity, there are two tentatively determined riddles identified with gravity that despite everything should be settled. Researchers have discovered that for our ebb and flow comprehension of gravity to apply to the universe, there must be a concealed appealing power (called dull issue) that helps hold cosmic systems together and an inconspicuous horrible power (called dim vitality) that pushes far off worlds separated at quicker rates.

ERP Failures Stressing on Reluctance †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the ERP Failures Stressing on Reluctance. Answer: Presentation The confusion provides details regarding IT anticipate disappointment for most recent couple of years are dissected so as to comprehend the issues related with the bombed ventures. Achievement of a venture relies upon numerous variable, also there are various explanations for disappointment of an undertaking. Experiencing the confusion reports of venture disappointment helps in examining the various dangers related with an undertaking, which further aides in recognizing the hazard relief approaches for comparable tasks in future (Hussain Mkpojiogu, 2016). For instance, the ERP usage task of Hershey, that bombed because of ill-advised undertaking arranging and venture plan. The discoveries of the disarray report from Standish bunch are expounded in the accompanying passages. The mayhem report by Standish bunches distinguishes the extent of the product venture disappointments, the main considerations related with an undertaking and the procedure by which the task disappointments can be decreased. As indicated by a report of Standish gathering, it is discovered that practically 52.7% of the undertakings costs 189% of their unique appraisals while 31.1% of the ventures are commonly dropped before their finish (The Standish Group Report, 2014). The primary explanation of cost invades in the task is ill-advised estimation and venture arranging. The exploration further show that in the year 2012, just 32% of all the task that is remembered for the Standish bunch turmoil report succeeded or is conveyed on schedule. In 2012, 18% of the undertaking fizzled in light of the fact that it was dropped before its fulfillment. Another significant reason for cost overwhelms in the tasks is restart of the undertaking as indicated by the Standish reports, with each 100 ven ture, there are right around 94 restart. This be that as it may, doesn't infer that 94 individual activities will have a solitary restart. A few tasks can have a few restart and hence the outcome is so exceptional (Marques et al., 2013). State for instance, the task of California Department of Motor Vehicles that fizzled had many restarts. Aside from cost overwhelms, time invades is a significant reason for venture disappointment. On an overage, the normal time overwhelms is practically 222% of the first run through gauge in bombed ventures. Content lack is another significant reason for the venture disorder and disappointment. Enormous organizations by and large have most exceedingly terrible record as just 42% of the substance capacities at long last item (Oakes, 2016). Consequently inappropriate determinations of the task capacities is a significant explanation of bedlam cap is looked in IT anticipates. So as to comprehend the motivation behind why activities come up short, the Standish bunch reviewed distinctive IT official troughs in understanding the reasons why venture succeed. One of the significant necessities of venture achievement is legitimate arranging. Cost and time overwhelms in the tasks are confronted for the most part on account of inappropriate venture arranging. Moreover, it is basic to set sensible desires too. The Hershey ERP usage venture bombed basically due to ridiculous desire for finishing the undertaking in a much tightened time (Ghosh, 2012). The discoveries of the disarray report by Standish bunch are expounded in the accompanying area. In 1987, the IT anticipate of California Department of Motor Vehicles fizzled as a result of lack of common sense, ill-advised venture structuring and indistinct destinations. While in the year 1994, the undertaking of American Airlines bombed sue to inappropriate prerequisites investigation and absence of client inclusion in the venture. The undertaking related with the booking arrangement of Hyatt inns fizzled on the grounds that it was running in front of timetable and under financial plan. Then again the undertaking of Banco Itamarati flopped as the venture had no away from and reported explicit targets of the task. Hence, it is discovered that inappropriate arranging and estimation assumes a significant job behind a venture disappointment (Kerzner, 2017). End The report breaks down the various information gathered from the explores of Standish bunch on IT catastrophe and undertaking disappointment. The report features the primary reasons of venture disappointment and refers to some case of some popular undertakings that neglected to execute as indicated by the task plan. Having an unmistakable vision about the venture is a fundamental measure of task achievement. Essentially setting up of a practical desire is required too. References Ghosh, R. (2012). A far reaching concentrate on ERP disappointments worrying on hesitance to change as a reason for failure.Journal of Marketing and Management,3(1), 123. Hussain, A., Mkpojiogu, E. O. (2016, August). Prerequisites: Towards a comprehension on why programming ventures fall flat. InAIP Conference Proceedings(Vol. 1761, No. 1, p. 020046). AIP Publishing. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017). Task the board: a frameworks way to deal with arranging, booking, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Marques, A., Varajo, J., Sousa, J., Peres, E. (2013). Venture Management Success ICE modela work in progress.Procedia Technology,9, 910-914. Oakes, G. (2016).Project audits, affirmation and administration. Gower. The Standish Group Report. (2014). Recovered from

Dream School Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dream School - Term Paper Example In this manner, exercises and materials utilized in the school will be configuration to give the preschool youngsters a wide scope of encounters in every single formative stage. Thusly, these can encourage their development and give them various open doors from which they can browse to do favored undertakings. All things considered, these materials and strategies in the school will mirror the way of thinking of Piaget and fuse the most fitting materials of different teachers so as to help the learning procedure of youngsters. So also significant would be the children’s instructor, consequently the nearness of very much qualified school personnel individuals to decidedly add to the self-improvement and satisfaction of preschoolers just as ingrain the estimations of care and love. The accompanying areas will at that point investigate the instructive way of thinking, educational program, physical structure and offices, and the selection of instructors in the perfect school that m eans to stress the formative learning of preschoolers. Instructive Philosophy The instructive way of thinking of the school would put an accentuation on communications among grown-ups and youngsters just as connections in school and at home. The school will likewise consolidate formatively fitting practices that have been set up by proficient associations that help youth training, for example, the National Association for the Education of Young Children. As formatively proper practice involves, educators must be learned in regards to the various phases of a child’s advancement just as their ramifications. Such information thus turns into the guideline from which they share data, develop the substance of the educational plan, assess what must be actualized, assess what the youngsters have realized, just as decide how their educational plan will be adjusted to meet the individual needs, interests, and qualities of kids in preschool age (Bredekamp and Rosegrant, 1992). What's mo re, instructors should know the youngsters they are instructing just as their families to expand their attention to the latter’s social and social settings. The school’s standards are focused on the acknowledgment and responsiveness towards preschool kids who are in the preoperational period of advancement, as confirmed by Piaget. They perceive that articles do exist without contacting them and can build up their own arrangement of images, for example, words and pictures, as portrayals of this present reality. The school likewise perceives that exercises will occur through osmosis, adjustment and convenience. At the point when kids are acquainted with new events, they will attempt to comprehend these by partner them with the things that they have definitely known. When they have gotten involvement in such new marvel, their considerations, emotions, and approaches may change to oblige the traits of this new wonder. Suggestions at that point towards the requirement for y oungsters to be presented to new encounters which can be related with past ones in any case, somewhat, ought to likewise realize difficulties for their perspective. Thusly, all together for this perfect school to keep up rehearses that are proper for children’s improvement, they should set up a safe, animating, and sustaining condition just as build up an adaptable educational plan, mirroring the topics and exercises of instructors and kids. These youthful

The Poetry of Robert Hayden Essay -- Poetry Analysis

In spite of the fact that most of Robert Hayden's compositions address racial subjects and portrays occasions in African-American history, he likewise composed short sonnets that catch his very own encounters. Hayden has a huge measure of incredible sonnets and short stories, yet as I read through a significant number of them, I was moved by two explicit sonnets that I believed I could actually identify with. I picked these sonnets since I am ready to place myself into the story-line and comprehend what the essayist is discussing. I accept that a decent author can arrive at any peruser paying little heed to race, sexual orientation, or age. Hayden had a mind boggling ability with his language and the structures of his sonnets that could nearly pull the peruser directly out of their seat and spot them in the focal point of his compositions. Robert Hayden was conceived Asa Bundy Sheffey on August 4, 1913 in Detroit, Michigan. His mom left him being taken care of by his neighbors, William and Sue Ellen Hayden, when he was only eighteen months old while she left for New York. The Haydens never legitimately received Robert however they rechristened him as Robert Hayden and dealt with him as though he had been their own youngster. Hayden went to Detroit City College and Michigan University. During his time at Michigan, Hayden had the option to proceed with his deep rooted enthusiasm for composing and acting. The most significant piece of this time was that he had the chance to concentrate with W.H. Auden. Auden at the time was a meeting educator who invested energy perusing a portion of Hayden's works and giving him proposals and significant reactions. Hayden credited Auden for helping him build up his very own style recorded as a hard copy. After he graduated in 1944 he began his profession as an educator of writing, and Frisk University and afterward at t... ...d the exploration on this paper it nearly made me disdain verse more than I previously had. I feel that sonnets mean something other than what's expected to every individual. No two individuals will ever feel precisely the same path about a specific sonnet. At the point when I read the reactions I couldn't help contradicting essentially each and every one. I don't have a clue why one people's assessment of a sonnet is critical to the point that it is distributed. It causes perusing verse to appear to be progressively similar to a task and makes it difficult for me to appreciate. In the event that I read verse this is on the grounds that it has contacted me somehow. To have someone separate it uniquely in contrast to I would have changes the significance of it for me. Everyone is qualified for have their own feeling however except if it is the really author of the sonnet clarifying how he felt as he composed this, no else will ever know without a doubt what he was thinking. The ple asure originates from opening your brain and losing yourself.

Common Medications for Panic Disorder Treatment

Common Medications for Panic Disorder Treatment Panic Disorder Treatment Print Medications for Treating Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 23, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 23, 2019 Tom Merton/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Medication is one of the most popular and effective treatment options for panic disorder, panic attacks, and agoraphobia. Your doctor may prescribe medication to help reduce how intense your panic attacks  are, decrease your overall feelings of anxiety, and potentially treat any co-occurring conditions, such as depression. Medications for panic disorder are typically classified in one of two categories: antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs.?? Antidepressants When first introduced in the 1950s, antidepressants were primarily used to treat mood disorders. However, it was later discovered that these medications effectively help reduce anxiety, lessen the symptoms of panic, and decrease the intensity and frequency of panic attacks. Antidepressant medications are now commonly used to treat many anxiety disorders, including panic disorder and agoraphobia.?? Antidepressants affect the chemical messengers in the brain, known as neurotransmitters. There are thought to be many different types of these chemical messengers that are communicating between brain cells. Types of Antidepressants for Panic Disorder Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, or simply SSRIs, are a popular class of antidepressants prescribed to decrease symptoms of anxiety and depression. This medication affects serotonin, a naturally occurring neurotransmitter in the brain. SSRIs work by influencing only the serotonin levels (selective) and by preventing serotonin absorption (reuptake) by the nerve cells in the brain.?? By balancing a person’s serotonin functioning, SSRIs are able to reduce anxiety and improve mood. Studies have demonstrated the long-term effectiveness of SRRIs. These medications have also been found to cause limited side effects, making them the prescription medication of choice for panic disorder. Common SSRIs include: Prozac (fluoxetine)Zoloft (sertraline)Paxil (paroxetine)Celexa (citalopram) How SSRIs Are Used in the Treatment of Panic Disorder Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Tricyclic antidepressants, or TCAs, were more popular in treating both anxiety and mood disorders before SSRIs were introduced. However, TCAs are still an effective treatment option for people with anxiety disorders. Like SSRIs, TCAs work to block the reuptake of the chemical messenger serotonin. Additionally, many TCAs also prevent the reuptake of norepinephrine, another neurotransmitter in the brain that is often associated with the fight-or-flight stress response.?? Common TCAs include: Amitriptyline (Elavil)Amoxapine (Asendin)Desipramine (Norpramin)Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan)Imipramine (Tofranil)Nortriptyline (Pamelor)Protriptyline (Vivactil)Trimipramine (Surmontil) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) are one of the earliest developed antidepressants used to effectively treat mood and anxiety disorders. MAOIs work by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme, monoamine oxidase.  This enzyme is involved in breaking down neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine.?? Dopamine helps regulate many functions, including movement, physical energy levels, and feelings of motivation. Despite their effectiveness, MAOIs are prescribed less frequently due to necessary dietary restrictions when taking them and the potential for significant drug interactions that can occur when taking MAOIs with other medications. Common MAOIs include: Phenelzine (Nardil)Tranylcypromine (Parnate)Isocarboxazid (Marplan)Selegiline (Emsam) Anti-Anxiety Medications Anti-anxiety medications are prescribed for their fast-acting relief of panic symptoms. These medications work to relax the central nervous system, which can lower the intensity of panic attacks and cause a person to feel calmer.?? Due to their tranquilizing effect and rapid relief, anti-anxiety medications are often prescribed to treat panic disorder. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are the most commonly prescribed class of anti-anxiety medication for panic disorder. Known for their sedative effect, these medications can quickly reduce panic attack symptoms and induce a more relaxed state. Benzodiazepines slow down the central nervous system by targeting the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain, inducing a sense of relaxation.?? In spite of potential risks and side effects of these medications, benzodiazepines have been found to safely and effectively treat panic disorder. Common benzodiazepines include: Xanax (alprazolam)Klonopin (clonazepam)Valium (diazepam)Ativan (lorazepam)Librium (chlordiazepoxide) Should You Take Benzodiazepines to Treat Anxiety?

Differences between Managerial and Financial Accountants - 275 Words

Differences between Managerial and Financial Accountants (Coursework Sample) Content: Differences between Managerial and Financial Accountants- Question # 00389083(Your Name)(Instructor)(Course unit)(Date)1. What is the difference between a managerial accountant and a financial accountant? Accounting is defined as the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to permit informed judgements and decisions by the users of the information (Wood, 1996). There are two broad branches of accounting i.e. financial accounting and managerial accounting where the people tasked with communicating economic information to the various users as per the two branches are known as the financial accountants and the managerial accountants respectively. Managerial accountants and financial accountants are both critical professionals in any business organization, but these have differences. While managerial accountants deal with providing both the qualitative and quantitative information to the managers to assist in planning, controlling and dec ision making within the organization, the financial accountants provide qualitative and quantitative information to the external users like creditors, shareholders, and customers. Financial accountants follow certain standards i.e. GAAP or IFRS and formats in reporting, and their information is for public reporting while management accountants do not follow any prescribed format and their information is largely confidential. Fi...

God of Small Things - 960 Words

Critical Race Theory in The God of Small Things Sex and race are always useful and mentioned with intention in texts. In Arundhati Roy’s novel The God of Small Things there is a clear intention to the use of sex and race to keep and rid of the main key characters in the novel. The character or characters who engage in unlawful sexual acts are punished while unwanted or undesired race is purged. In this Indian society that worships England, Love Laws, and the Caste System race and sex creates intra-racial racism within the Indian communities that is reinforced with force through the government and Caste System. Intra-racial racism is a result of internalized racism while internalized racism is a result of Anglophilia. The God of Small†¦show more content†¦Additionally, throughout the story there are references to Africa, especially amongst the twins and Velutha, yet when Rahel says to Kochu Maria that she will eventually be living in Africa, Kochu Maria responds saying â€Å"Africa’s full of ugly black people and mosquitoes,† showing disdain for people of dark color (Roy 175). The correlation between blackness and vice becomes even more entangled when the character of Kari Saipu is introduced as the â€Å"Black Sahib†. This man had taken a young boy as his lover and then killed himself when the child was taken away, leading to the connection of even the word black as something taboo (Roy 51). When Sophie Mol drowns it is Velutha, who was not even present when the accident occurred, who is blamed and then brutally beaten, and dies in prison. There can be no doub t that, though his position in the caste system sets him aside culturally, Velutha’s uniquely dark color consecrates him visually as unclean and unworthy. In conclusion, intra-racial racism can be seen in The God of Small Things through the hierarchal distinction of skin color in India. This can be seen in relation to the caste system as well as the family structure. Anglo traits in a person make them worthy of worship while darkShow MoreRelatedThe God of Small Things1370 Words   |  6 PagesVelutha of Small Things The small, more trivial things in life are more often than not eschewed, and because of this they are left to find a safe haven in furtive localities similar to â€Å"History House† or the river. Being the watch keeper of these small things can be good as well as bad, as shown through Velutha’s ultimate fate. In the novel â€Å"The God of Small Things†, Arundhati Roy shows the minute details that fill her characters lives and furnish the dwellings that cannot protect them. Not onlyRead MoreThe God Of Small Things1065 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the God of Small Things, the author develops a romantic relationship between Velutha and Ammu. The author was able to build on this relationship given that the two characters hardly interact with each other due to their caste and race. Within this relationship, it is shown that Velutha is the God of Small Things. Velutha is believed to be the God of Small Things as he is the pivotal character of Ammu’s dream a nd her love interest. Velutha is suggested to be the God of Small Things accordingRead MoreThe God of Small Things1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gods of Small Things, written by Arundhati Roy, tells the story about an Indian family, forbidden love, and horrors during the upbringing of twins Estha and Rahel. It is a sad but humorous story of a peculiar family in India, the West s intrusion, and the caste systems terrifying regime. The family we follow is a family that is pretty well off. They own a small factory, Paradise Pickles and Preserves, where they have workers who are of lower caste. The twins Estha and Rahel have always feltRead MoreThe God Of Small Things Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesair was full of Thoughts and Things to Say. But at times like these, only the Small Things are ever said. Big Things lurk unsaid inside.† ― Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things INTRODUCTION The God of Small Things is a novel by Indian author Arundhati Roy. This novel is debut novel of Arundhati Roy and known for wining booker prize, one of the most prestigious awards in the English-language literary world. Roy started writing her first novel (The God of Small Things) in 1992 and novel got completedRead MoreArundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things1145 Words   |  5 Pagessociety with special reference to women. The novel throws light on some important things of life like how love is always associated with sadness, how a person’s childhood experiences affect his/her perspectives and whole life. The novel shows the ugly face of people and society as a whole, a vivid description of the black and sarcastic world especially with reference to women that dwells around us. The God of small thins highlights the position of women folk in India. It presents before us the constantRead MoreThe God of Small Things Book Analysis1593 Words   |  7 PagesThe God of Small Things Book Analysis Character: Esthappen, referred to as Estha, and Rahel are twins. Both are innocent children who are still learning their manners. When they grow up and separate, Rahel moves to America and gets married, and Estha leaves to go with Babu, their father who has left them. When he returns to Ayemenem, Rahel also returns because they have a special bond. Their mother is referred to as Ammu. She raises her children well with structure. Ammu has an affair with VeluthaRead MoreSocial Realism in God of Small Things2574 Words   |  11 Pageswretten by multani Social Realism in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things Chapter-1 Introduction In this micro research, it is all about social realism in Arundhati Roy’s novel The God of Small Things. Here major aim is to work on social problems, that have come up in the contemporary India, found in this novel. It can be seen as one of the most powerful novels on a definite social problem, that of the oppression of the down trodden, also touching upon related problems. It problematizes theRead MoreThe God Of Small Things By Arundhati Roy1628 Words   |  7 PagesArundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things explores the tragic lives of twins Estha and Rahel through a profound application of language and detail. Roy’s utterly unique writing style reels the reader in through hard to grasp yet beautiful language, allowing one to appreciate the beauty within such a tragic story. Roy repeats a specific phrase throughout the novel at pivotal moments within the twin’s, specifically Estha’s, lives. This phrase, â€Å"Little Man. He lived in a cara-van. Dum dum†, is utilizedRead MoreThe God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy532 Words   |  2 PagesFrom what I have read so far in the book, â€Å"The God of small Things,† there are many major themes that have captivated my attention. Those include â€Å"The Love Laws,† how the relationship between Chacko and Margaret got to the point of love, the blame and guilt between the characters, and of course â€Å"Communism.† Based on four these themes many things have gone wrong for the lives of the characters, especially with, â€Å"Blame and Guiltiness.† Love and rules (Love Laws), are constantly butting heads in theRead MoreThe God of Small Things: A Plot Summary Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough desire presents itself in many charged forms in The God of Small Things, we can view the plot of the narrative as a series of disrupted yet connected events that are propelled by, or a product of, individual resistance fuelled by a Desire to Transgress. This plot of individual resistance is represented through the female protagonist Ammu and her daughter Rahel, as a foil of her mother, and is most explicit in the ending of the novel, when they both commit sexual acts that violate the conditions

Seaweed, Kelp and Other Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

Brown algae are  the largest, most complex type of marine algae and get their name from their brown, olive, or yellowish-brown color, which they get from the pigment  called  fucoxanthin.  Fucoxanthin is not found in other algae or plants like red or  green algae, and as a result, brown algae are in the Kingdom Chromista. Brown algae are often rooted to a stationary structure such as a rock, shell or dock by structures called holdfasts, although species in the genus Sargassum are free-floating. Many species of brown algae have air bladders which help the blades of the algae float toward the ocean surface, allowing for maximum sunlight absorption. Like other algae, the distribution of brown algae is broad, from tropical to polar zones, but brown algae can be found in intertidal zones, near coral reefs, and in deeper waters, with a NOAA study noting them at 165 feet in the Gulf of Mexico. Classification of Brown Algae The taxonomy of brown algae can be confusing, as brown algae can be classified into the Phylum Phaeophyta or Heterokontophyta, depending on what you read. Much information on the subject refers to brown algae as phaeophytes, but according to AlgaeBase, the brown algae are in the Phylum Heterokontophyta and Class Phaeophyceae. About 1,800 species of brown algae exist. The largest, also among the most well-known, is kelp. Other examples of brown algae include seaweeds in the genus Fucus commonly known as rockweed, or wracks, and the genus Sargassum, which form floating mats and are the most prominent species in the area known as the Sargasso Sea, which is in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. Kelp, Fucales, Dictyolaes, Ectocarpus, Durvillaea Antarctica, and Chordariales are all examples of brown algae, but each belongs to a different classification determined by individual attributes and features of each. Natural and Human Uses of Brown Algae Kelp and other brown algae provide a number of health benefits when consumed by both humans and animals alike; brown algae are eaten by herbivorous organisms such as fish, gastropods and sea urchins, and Benthic (bottom-dwelling) organisms also utilize brown algae such as kelp when pieces of it sink to the sea floor to decompose. Humans find a variety of commercial uses for these marine organisms. Brown algae are used to produced alginates, which are used as food additives and in industrial manufacturing—common uses include food thickeners and fillers as well as stabilizers for the ionization process of batteries. According to some medical research, several chemicals found in brown algae can work as antioxidants, which are thought to prevent damage to the human body. Brown algae can also be used as a cancer suppressant as well as an anti-inflammatory and immunity booster.   These  algae provide not only food and commercial utility; they also provide valuable habitat for certain species of marine life as well as significantly offsetting carbon dioxide emissions through photosynthesis processes of certain populous species of kelp.

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Same Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized - 2138 Words

Juanito Bacuyag Jr. English P71 Jana Wong 02/05/2014 Same Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized Same sex marriage, also known as equal marriage or gay marriage, is marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or gender identity.The question of legalization of same sex marriage is an issue in many of our states today and in other countries. At least â€Å"17 U.S. states are now permitting gay marriage and some are still pending† (Bloomberg). Many people have their own beliefs and reasonings when it comes to same-sex marriage; however, God made a man and a woman to join hands together and say vows in the right way. God made Adam and Eve not Adam and Steve; as a result, a man is for woman and a woman is for man. Take a look what God†¦show more content†¦While pros say that gay marriage would make it easier for same-sex couples to adopt, providing stable homes for children who would otherwise be left in foster care. And same-sex marriage is a civil right. Some are neutral when it comes to same sex marriage issue b ecause we have free will and we must live our life how we want. Now let’s see the effects of same sex marriage. Effects of Same Sex Marriage The first argument against same sex marriages is quite obvious: the human population will diminish gradually in size. Same sex marriages means that offspring cannot be produced naturally. The married couple would have to opt for artificial insemination or to adopt a child if they plan on building a family; however, it is in the child’s best interests that he be raised under the influence of his natural father and mother. As argued by Ryan T. Anderson, William E. Simon Fellow in Religion and a Free Society at The Heritage Foundation, In recent decades, marriage has been weakened by a revisionist view that is more about adults’ desires than children’s needs... Redefining marriage to include same-sex relationships is the culmination of this revisionism, and it would leave emotional intensity as the only thing that sets marriage apart from other bonds. (Heritage.org) A child of a same-sex marriage will always beShow MoreRelatedShould Same-Sex Marriages Be Legalized?. Same-Sex Marriages2063 Words   |  9 PagesShould Same-Sex Marriages Be Legalized? Same-sex marriages should be illegal because the increase of marriages with the same sex has aroused conflicts in society, affects on children, and religiously. Therefore one must halt the proposal. The history of homosexuality has a lot of stories to tell, however, the beginning of it all would begin shortly and oddly. On the Western contemporary concept of homosexuality would relatively currently be considered new during the day of time. Ideas of homosexualityRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized . The Same Sex Marriage1723 Words   |  7 Pages Same sex marriage should be legalized The same sex marriage has been widely debated in many countries for a long time. It is an important issue because it concerns basic moral and human rights. People all over the world come to the United States in search of freedom and equality. Being able to marry anyone, no matter the gender, is a freedom of right, but if that freedom of right is taken away from people than there is no equality. Homosexual peopleRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized926 Words   |  4 Pageshave misunderstood the meaning of marriage. Marriage is not just a term to describe relationship that are precious to us, it’s more than just a union of heart and mind; it’s an institution between a man and a women. biblically, marriage is a life time union of a man and a women, primarily for the purpose of building a family and providing a stable environments for that family (1 Corinthian 7:2 16) According to Peter Sprigg, same sex marriage should not be legalized because of its immediate and long-termRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized1361 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage has been the topic of an ongoing controversial debate in many countries for a long time now. This is an important issue because it concerns the basic principle of human rights and basic morality. Same sex marriage should be legalized; it is a violation of human rights, there are many misconceptions of same sex individuals, and allowing same sex marriage to be legalized would provide a boost to the economy. There are many misconceptions of homosexual people. A common myth is thatRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized1562 Words   |  7 Pages~ Busse Same-Sex Debate Essay ~ Ever since the time when America studied family values and focused on healthy and important influences, marriage was considered to be between man and woman holding a physical and spiritual bond between each other, not between man and man and woman and woman. Some may see marriage as between two people of the same gender, or what is known as same-sex marriage. This form of marriage became popular in the U.S. during the 1960’s and 1970’s due to the urge of legalizationRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized898 Words   |  4 Pages2015 same sex marriage was legalized in all fifty states. Many arguments have come around about if homosexuality is genetic or if its chosen. Many people think either way and there aren’t many people who are in between thinking that homosexuality is chosen or not. The song â€Å"Same Love† by Macklemore was released in 2015 when all of the media slowed down about homosexuality and after same sex marriage was legalize d. So when Macklemore released this song more attention came to same sex marriage. ThisRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized?1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"date which will live in infamy† just had a child! As of June 26, 2015, same-sex marriage was legalized in all 50 states of America by the Supreme Court from a ruling that barely passed by a 5-4 vote. Wait a minute. Back up. Do you mean to tell me that boys can marry boys now? That girls can marry girls? That it’s legal?! Wake up America! Do you even realize what you have done? You have given gay people the right to marry. To marry! Who in their right mind would give gay people that cherishedRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized?945 Words   |  4 PagesShould Same-Sex Marriage Be Legalized? Regardless of color, ethnicity, culture or religion, marriage has been and always have considered to be a man and a woman. This concern has been a debating and a hot topic currently in the United States p olitics, it is prohibited in a majority of the nation till the President have pass the law for same-sex marriage. With this question, I feel that same sex marriage should not be legalized, but it cannot be banned. I sense that a marriage is intensely betweenRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized972 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex couples have been waiting for same sex marriage to be legalized for many decades. According to Ken LaMance, â€Å"One of the first documented challenges to same-sex marriages occurred on May 18th, 1970, where two men applied for a marriage license in Heppenin County, Minnesota† (LaMance). Their request was denied because they felt marriage should be between a man and a woman. Civil Unions were the first step in legalizing same sex marriage. Civil Unions were introduced in 2000 in Vermont. CivilRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized910 Words   |  4 PagesSame-sex marriages also know, as gay/ Lesbian marriage is marriage between peop le of the same sex either as a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting. In the late 20th century. Religious rites of marriage without legal recognition became increasingly common. In the 21st centuries various types of the same-sex unions have come to be legalized. As of 26 June 2015, eighteen countries; Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway

Human Perceptions Free Essays

As Human beings we are blessed to have five senses. These senses are sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. These senses make â€Å"normal† life manageable for us. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Perceptions or any similar topic only for you Order Now All five are equally as important as the next. However it is not impossible to live without one or two of them. Sometimes losing one our senses can enhance the rest. Human beings thrive on their ability to detect what is happening around them and make sense of the changes. Essentially, a human being cannot be able to do without the ability to sense and get the meaning behind the senses. Sensory properties are perceived when our sensory organism interacts with stimuli in the world around us. There are several senses which are fundamental in the human well being. These senses include vision, gestation, olfaction, touch, audition and multimodal perception. For humans, experience, of the world is generally stable, and the ability to perceive it is easily taken for granted. Objects have positions, shapes and colors that seem to be perceived instantly, and we can reach for them or move to where they are, without any apparent effort. It is worth oting that sensory perceptions inform the thinking process. Essentially, thinking is a process which entails and interplays of many facets. Furthermore, what is thought about proceeds from what has been acquired through the senses. Hence, faulty perceptions influence the quality of the thinking process. There are three reasons to believe that our senses are fallible. Seeing should not always be believing. Once we realize that our s enses can be fooled, then we can begin to adjust to surface appearance and personal distortions. Sometimes our senses can be deceived. Our senses do not always deliver accurate data to our brain. Our senses do not operate effectively when we are sick, drowsy, or tired. Our sensual perceptions, such as sight, can deceive our brain in three major ways. It can be limited biologically, we see the superficial; corralled by custom, we see the habitual; and blinded by language, we see the general. Our five senses are generally part of nature and as we get older, wiser, and mature we tend to nurture our senses to perceive things better. We are born with vision, smelling, hearing, taste, and touch. These are innate sensory perceptions. A child does not know the smell of smoke or certain food items being cooked. As they get more mature, their senses become stronger and by nurturing these senses they can distinguish the different smells. In conclusion, our five senses are innate and part of nature. As a child, our senses are immature and as we get older our senses improve. We continually return to our senses to refresh the data, to seek new data, and to use specific instruments to justify and sharpen our senses so that we don’t perceive fallible information. Citations: Kirby, G. R. , Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking. Prentice Hall. Chapter 3 Advances in Consumer Research – North American Conference Proceedings; 2009, Vol. 36, p127-130, 4p Kirby, G. R. , Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking. Prentice Hall. Patterson, J. , Owen, C. , Frank, D. , Smith, R. , Cadusch, P. (2004, May). Flavour sensory qualities and consumer perceptions – a comparison of sensory and brain activity responses to flavour components in different populations. International Journal of Food Science Technology, 39(5), 481-490. How to cite Human Perceptions, Essay examples

Human Perceptions Free Essays

As Human beings we are blessed to have five senses. These senses are sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. These senses make â€Å"normal† life manageable for us. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Perceptions or any similar topic only for you Order Now All five are equally as important as the next. However it is not impossible to live without one or two of them. Sometimes losing one our senses can enhance the rest. Human beings thrive on their ability to detect what is happening around them and make sense of the changes. Essentially, a human being cannot be able to do without the ability to sense and get the meaning behind the senses. Sensory properties are perceived when our sensory organism interacts with stimuli in the world around us. There are several senses which are fundamental in the human well being. These senses include vision, gestation, olfaction, touch, audition and multimodal perception. For humans, experience, of the world is generally stable, and the ability to perceive it is easily taken for granted. Objects have positions, shapes and colors that seem to be perceived instantly, and we can reach for them or move to where they are, without any apparent effort. It is worth oting that sensory perceptions inform the thinking process. Essentially, thinking is a process which entails and interplays of many facets. Furthermore, what is thought about proceeds from what has been acquired through the senses. Hence, faulty perceptions influence the quality of the thinking process. There are three reasons to believe that our senses are fallible. Seeing should not always be believing. Once we realize that our s enses can be fooled, then we can begin to adjust to surface appearance and personal distortions. Sometimes our senses can be deceived. Our senses do not always deliver accurate data to our brain. Our senses do not operate effectively when we are sick, drowsy, or tired. Our sensual perceptions, such as sight, can deceive our brain in three major ways. It can be limited biologically, we see the superficial; corralled by custom, we see the habitual; and blinded by language, we see the general. Our five senses are generally part of nature and as we get older, wiser, and mature we tend to nurture our senses to perceive things better. We are born with vision, smelling, hearing, taste, and touch. These are innate sensory perceptions. A child does not know the smell of smoke or certain food items being cooked. As they get more mature, their senses become stronger and by nurturing these senses they can distinguish the different smells. In conclusion, our five senses are innate and part of nature. As a child, our senses are immature and as we get older our senses improve. We continually return to our senses to refresh the data, to seek new data, and to use specific instruments to justify and sharpen our senses so that we don’t perceive fallible information. Citations: Kirby, G. R. , Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking. Prentice Hall. Chapter 3 Advances in Consumer Research – North American Conference Proceedings; 2009, Vol. 36, p127-130, 4p Kirby, G. R. , Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking. Prentice Hall. Patterson, J. , Owen, C. , Frank, D. , Smith, R. , Cadusch, P. (2004, May). Flavour sensory qualities and consumer perceptions – a comparison of sensory and brain activity responses to flavour components in different populations. International Journal of Food Science Technology, 39(5), 481-490. How to cite Human Perceptions, Essay examples

Grace Murray Hopper free essay sample

In 1928 she graduated from Vassar College with a BA in mathematics and physics and joined the Vassar faculty. While an instructor at Vassar, she continued her studies in mathematics at Yale University, where she earned an MA in 1930 and a PhD in 1934. She was one of four women in a doctoral program of ten students, and her doctorate in mathematics was a rare accomplishment in its day. (cs. yale. edu/-tap/files/hopper. stoyr. html/Grace Murray Hopper) Hopper wanted to join the military as soon as the United States entered World War II. However at 34 she was too old to enlist, and as a mathematics professor, her job was considered essential to the war effort. She was determined to join the Navy and was commissioned a Lieutenant after attending Midshipman’s School. Because of her mathematical background, Hopper was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project at the Cruft Laboratories at Harvard University, and upon her arrival at Cruft, she began working with Howard Aiken on the Mark I computer, America’s first programmable digital computer. She embraced the challenge of the Mark I, and could hardly wait to disassemble it and figure it out. She became the third person to program the Mark I. (thocp. net/biographies/hopper_grace. html) The Mark I was the first digital computer to be programmed sequentially. The complex code of machine language could be easily misread or incorrectly written. To reduce the number of programming errors, Hopper and her colleagues collected programs that were free of error and generated a catalogue of subroutines that could be used to develop new programs. By this time, the Mark II had been built. Aikens team used the two computers side by side, effectively achieving an early instance of multiprocessing. After the war, at age 40, Hopper remained in the Navy Reserves and stayed on at the Harvard Computational Laboratory as a research fellow, where she continued her work on the Mark computer series. The problem of computer errors continued to plague the Mark team, and one day, noticing that the computer had failed, Hopper and her colleagues discovered a moth in a faulty relay. The moth was removed and fixed to the page of a logbook as the first actual bug found. The words bug and debugging now familiar terms in computer vocabulary, are attributed to Hopper. (sdsc. edu/ScienceWomen/hopper. tml) In 1949 Hopper joined the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation as a Senior Mathematician and there she worked with John Eckert and John Mauchly on the UNIVAC computer. By then programs contained mnemonics that were transformed into binary code instructions that could be executed by the computer. Admiral Hopper and her team extended this improvement on binary code with the development of her first compiler, the A-O. The A-O series of compilers translated symbolic mathematical code into machine code, and allowed the specification of call numbers assigned to the collected programming routines stored on magnetic tape. One could then simply specify the call numbers of the desired routines and the computer would find them on the tape, bring them over and do the additions. This was the first compiler, she declared. Admiral Hopper believed that the major obstacle to computers in non-scientific and business applications was a lack of programmers for these far from user-friendly new machines. The key to opening up new worlds to computing, she knew, was the development and refinement of programming languages that could be understood and used by people who were neither mathematicians nor computer experts. It took several years for her to demonstrate that this idea was feasible. Pursuing her belief that computer programs could be written in English, Admiral Hopper moved forward with the development for Univac of the B-O compiler, later known as FLOW-MATIC. It was designed to translate a language that could be used for typical business tasks like automatic billing and payroll calculation. Using FLOW-MATIC, Admiral Hopper and her staff were able to make the UNIVAC I and II understand twenty statements in English. When she recommended that an entire programming language be developed using English words, however, she was told very quickly that [she] couldnt do this because computers didnt understand English. It was three years before her idea was finally accepted; she published her first compiler paper in 1952. Admiral Hopper actively participated in the first meetings to formulate specifications for a common business language. She was one of the two technical advisers to the resulting CODASYL Executive Committee, and several of her staff were members of the CODASYL Short Range Committee to define the basic COBOL language design. The design was greatly influenced by FLOW-MATIC. As one member of the Short Range Committee stated, [FLOW-MATIC] was the only business-oriented programming language in use at the time COBOL development started. Without FLOW-MATIC we probably never would have had a COBOL. The first COBOL specifications appeared in 1959. Admiral Hopper devoted much time to convincing business managers that English language compilers such as FLOW-MATIC and COBOL were feasible. She participated in a public demonstration by Sperry Corporation and RCA of COBOL compilers and the machine independence they provided. After her brief retirement from the Navy, Admiral Hopper led an effort to standardize COBOL and to persuade the entire Navy to use this high-level computer language. With her technical skills, she lead her team to develop useful COBOL manuals and tools. With her speaking skills, she convinced managers that they should learn to use them. Hopper has often been referred to as ‘the mother of COBOL’. Another major effort in Admiral Hoppers life was the standardization of compilers. Under her direction, the Navy developed a set of programs and procedures for validating COBOL compilers. This concept of validation has had widespread impact on other programming languages and organizations; it eventually led to national and international standards and validation facilities for most programming languages. (cs. yale. edu/-tap/files/hopper. stoyr. html/Grace Murray Hopper) Grace Murray Hopper spent much of her inventive career proving that something thats never been done before isnt impossible. It was this kind of positive thinking that inspired Hopper to invent the first computer compiler in 1952. This revolutionary software facilitated the first automatic programming of computer language. Before Hoppers invention, programmers had to write lengthy instructions in binary code (computer language) for every new piece of software. Because binary code consists solely of 0s and 1s, it was difficult for programmers to get through their time-consuming tasks without many frustrating mistakes. She knew there had to be a solution to this dilemma. Determined, she wrote a new program which freed software developers from having to write repetitive binary code. Each time the computer needed instructions that were common to all programs, the compiler would have the computer refer to codes in its own memory. The compiler was a time and error-saving breakthrough for the computer world, but Hopper didnt stop there. She also invented COBOL, the first user-friendly business software program, which is still in use today. By the time she retired in 1986, Rear Admiral Grace Hopper had taken her place in history by questioning the impossible. With a Ph. D. in mathematics and physics from Yale University, she based her success as a computer pioneer on a solid education and a strong and inquisitive will. In her naval office, she hung a clock that ran counterclockwise as a reminder of the key principle to her success: most problems have more than one solution.

Caliban and Prospero Essay Example For Students

Caliban and Prospero Essay In our Drama lesson, we were given an extract from act one, scene two, from a Shakespeare play, called the Tempest. We had to make the audience side with Caliban or Prospero. We chose to make the audience side with Caliban. We did this with these communication skills: Facial expression, tone of voice, body movement, posture, muscle tension and gesture. This is what we did and why:  When Caliban says as wicked dew as eer my mother brushed with ravens feather from unwholesome fen drop on you both. A south-west blow on ye and blister you all oer. Caliban will be sat on the floor, this will make him seem weak and formulate the audience sympathising towards him, and it makes Caliban look nervous and terrified like Prospero is bullying him. Prospero is pacing around Caliban and trying to gain eye contact with him, which makes him seem strong and confident. When ever eye contact is gained between the pair, Caliban looks away quickly, covering his eyes with hands, or looking at the floor, which also shows he is weaker. When Prospero says for this, be sure, tonight thou shalt have cramps,  Side-stitches that shall pen thy breath up. Urchins shall for that vast night that they may work all exercise on thee. Thou shalt be pinched as thick as honey comb, each pinch more stinging than bees that made em. Prospero is walking around Caliban, who is still sat on the ground. He is speaking to Caliban like he is telling him off, as a father figure. Caliban has his eyes covered with his hands in a child-like manner to show that he is petrified and sees Prospero as a threat to him and feels intimidated by him. When Caliban says I must eat my dinner, he gets up and starts to walk away anxiously getting faster with his head down. Just before he leaves the stage he stop, and stands still for a moment to add tension, then he turns around, with the expression that he is thinking on his face. This islands mine, by Sycorax my mother. Caliban says in a reasoning tone of voice. Which thou takst from me. When thou camst first. Thou strokst me, and made much of me, wouldst give me. Water with berries int, and teach me how to name the bigger light, and how the lass that burn by day and night. And then I loved thee, and showed thee all the qualities othisle, the fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place and fertile. Cursed be I that did so! All the charms of Sycorax- toads, beetles, bats light on you! For I am all the subjects that you have, which first was mine own king: and here you sty me  In this hard rock, whiles you do keep from the rest othisle. Caliban is stood up, looking Prospero in the eye, but you can still tell he is nervous because he looks at the floor often, then building his confidence back up to look Prospero in the eye once again. Prospero looks disappointed in himself, but then, near the end of Calibans speech, Prospero starts to look angry. Caliban moved back and forth, and in circles in a nervous manner, meanwhile, Prospero stands still with his head held high, showing he is more confident than Caliban, and he is the stronger character. After about ten seconds, Prospero shouts Thou most lying slave, Caliban shies away from him as Prospero steps forwards. Prospero says whom stripes may move, not kindness! I have used thee, filth as thou art, with human care, and lodged thee in mine own cell, till thou didst seek to violate the honour of my child. Caliban is crouched down and Prospero walks over to him, at this point, Caliban will have no choice but to scatter backwards, giving Prospero the room he requests to march forwards, making him look stronger. Prosperos voice gets louder and scarier the more he talks. .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 , .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 .postImageUrl , .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 , .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1:hover , .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1:visited , .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1:active { border:0!important; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1:active , .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1 .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf9b8b98142a51f92f33c33c76822eb1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Blood Brothers Argumentative EssayO ho, oho! Wouldt have been done Caliban says, as if he is pleading Prosperos forgiveness and not to be hurt. Thou didst prevent me. I had peopled else this isle with Calibans. Caliban says this like he feels guilty and did not know he was doing wrong which makes him appear that he regrets his performance.  Abhorred slave Prospero says sharply. Which any print of goodness wilt not take, being capable of all ill! I pitied thee, Prospero speaks down to Caliban like his feelings do not matter. Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour.  One thing or other. When thou didst not, savage, know thine own meaning, but wouldst gabble like a thing most brutish, I endowed thy purposes with words that made them known. But thy vile race, though thou didst learn, had than int which good natures. Once again, Prospero treats Caliban with no respect, speaking to him like he his telling him off, Caliban holds his head in his hands. Could not abide to be with. Therefore wast thou deservedly confined into this rock, who hadst deserved more than a prison. Caliban slowly peeks through his hands and, wondering weather it would be a good idea to speak up, or keen quite, he speaks up. You taught me language, and my profit ont is, I know how to curse. The red plague rid you for learning me you language. Prospero interrupts Caliban. Hag-seed, hence! This makes Caliban jump and put his hands over his eyes once again.  Fetch us in fuel-and be quick, thourt best, to answer other business. Shrugst thou, Malice? If thou neglectst, or dost unwillingly what I command, Ill rack thee with old cramps, fill all thy bones with aches, make thee roar, that beasts shall tremble at thy din. No I pray thee! Caliban says in terror, he then turns to the audience and says I must obey. His art is of such power; it would control my dams god setebos, and make a vassal of him. He says this quietly and clearly to make the audience listen better and get them on his side.  So slave hence! Prospero shouts across the stage to Caliban. Caliban walks in a uneasy manner off the stage, as he walks past Prospero, he flinches like he things Prospero will harm him.  I think we completed this task well, Prospero and Caliban repeated their actions a lot, if I could do this task again, I would try to make them do different things to make it more appealing to the audience.

The First Amendment Essays (909 words) - , Term Papers

The First Amendment Persuasive speech The First Amendment I. Hey, hey LBJ, how many kids did you kill today? II. This is an example of what American citizens said when exercising their right of free speech during the era of the Vietnam War. III. The issue I've decided to speak about is the importance of our First Amendment rights. IV. There are three areas of the First Amendment that I am going to discuss. Namely: A. The right to peaceably assemble and to petition the government for change. B. The right of the press to print whatever they want. C. And of course the right to practice the religion of your choice. Transition: Loosely translated, the First Amendment states that any citizen is guaranteed the right to believe what they want to believe, practice any religion they choose, and speak out about what they agree or disagree with. It is our right to assemble peaceably in protest (or support) and, when all else fails, petition the government for change when the system is not working. I. The fact that we can assemble peaceably and petition for a redress of grievances, is a privilege that guarantees unto us the right to be heard. Whether or not any progress is made is a different story, but we are allowed in any case to bring our discontentment to light. A. What if we were not allowed to gather together and speak our minds? 1. Such public displays of discontent are met with deadly force in other regions of the world. 2. In June of 1989, in the People's Republic of China, Tiananmen Square was the site of such a demonstration by university students. a. They were peacefully protesting for greater democracy and less corruption. b. The uprising was quelled by the military, and the press was conveniently blacked-out so that everything was cleaned up by the time foreign press could investigate. c. The true body count will never be known for certain. B. What if the United States was run in the same manner? What if we were not allowed to openly criticize the government and the way they run things? 1. In the 40's, the Nazis rounded up those that didn't conform, labeled them political enemies, and sent them to the same concentration camps that they sent to murder the gypsies and Jews of Europe. 2. This practice was also not uncommon to the North Vietnamese who frequently engaged in political re-education, which was simply another term for killing during the late 60's. Transition: I've just talked about the freedom to assemble and to talk about the government, what about the press? II. In light of events such as the recent Clinton/Lewinsky scandal in reference to the Ken Starr report, and the tragic death of Princess Diana, some might say that sometimes the freedom of the press is taken too far. A. Arguably, the Ken Starr report is one of the longest and most lurid wastes of taxpayer money ever put into print. 1. Some feel that it isn't necessary to include every little detail of the President's sexual indiscretions in a media circus for the entire world to see. 2. Do we really need to know what exactly transpired? We are not his judge or his jury. B. Also unnecessary is the need to engage in a high-speed chase in order to maintain one's privacy. 1. On August 31, 1997, Princess Diana was killed in an automobile accident while trying to escape paparazzi photographers-was this really necessary? 2. Does the freedom of the press outweigh the freedom of the individual? III. Also included in this Amendment is the freedom to establish any religion and free practice thereof (so long as it doesn't interfere with another citizen's life, liberty, or pursuit of happiness.) A. This does not hold true in all countries. 1. Recently, Cuba has celebrated Christmas for the first time since the communists took power in the 60's. 2. The government, having declared itself atheist in nature, decided that such a holiday would interfere with productivity and was, consequently banned. a. Industries such as sugar, which depended heavily on human labor, were no longer private corporations, but rather, they had been seized and their profits went to the now more demanding communist government. b. Mass absences for a religious holiday would not be tolerated and, likewise, be seen as an attempt to undermine the security of the nation's economy. B. That seems pretty harsh...skipping a day of work to celebrate the holiday with one's family is suddenly an act of treason? I. We must be aware of our rights, and we must fight to uphold them. A. We need

Heather Ale by Robert Louis Stevenson

Heather Ale by Robert Louis Stevenson The poem Heather Ale by Robert Louis Stevenson is a ballad about the legendary Pict precursors to modern era Scots. In mythology, they may also be identified with pech, who were pixie-like creatures. They brewed heather ale and battled the Scots. Certainly, it would be convenient to be able to turn the abundant heather into an alcoholic beverage. Among the curiosities of human nature, this legend claims a high place. The historical Picts were a confederation of tribes in eastern and northern Scotland in the late Iron Age through the early medieval periods. The Picts were never exterminated. Today, they form a  large proportion of the folk of Scotland: occupying the eastern and the central parts, from the Firth of Forth, or perhaps the Lammermoors, upon the south, to the Ord of Caithness on the north. Archaeological studies dont find the Picts to be much shorter than current-day Scots.   It may be a case of the victors writing the history. The last nominal king of Picts reigned in the early 900s AD. In fiction and motion pictures they are often depicted as tattooed, blue-painted woodland warriors. Did the elements of this legend stem from some ancestors who were small of stature, black of hue, dwelling underground and possibly also the distillers of some forgotten spirit? See Joseph Campbell’s  Tales of the West Highlands. Heather Ale: A Galloway LegendRobert Louis Stevenson (1890) From the bonny bells of heather  Ã‚  Ã‚  They brewed a drink long-syne,Was sweeter far than honey,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Was stronger far than wine.They brewed it and they drank it,  Ã‚  Ã‚  And lay in a blessed swoundFor days and days together  Ã‚  Ã‚  In their dwellings underground.There rose a king in Scotland,  Ã‚  Ã‚  A fell man to his foes,He smote the Picts in battle,  Ã‚  Ã‚  He hunted them like roes.Over miles of the red mountain  Ã‚  Ã‚  He hunted as they fled,And strewed the dwarfish bodies  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of the dying and the dead.Summer came in the country,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Red was the heather bell;But the manner of the brewing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Was none alive to tell.In graves that were like children’s  Ã‚  Ã‚  On many a mountain head,The Brewsters of the Heather  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lay numbered with the dead.The king in the red moorland  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rode on a summer’s day;And the bees hummed, and the curlews  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cried beside the way.The king rode, and was angry,  Ã‚  Ã‚   Black was his brow and pale,To rule in a land of heather  Ã‚  Ã‚  And lack the Heather Ale.It fortuned that his vassals,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Riding free on the heath,Came on a stone that was fallen  Ã‚  Ã‚  And vermin hid beneath. Rudely plucked from their hiding,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Never a word they spoke:A son and his aged father-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Last of the dwarfish folk.The king sat high on his charger,  Ã‚  Ã‚  He looked on the little men;And the dwarfish and swarthy couple  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looked at the king again.Down by the shore he had them;  Ã‚  Ã‚  And there on the giddy brink- â€Å"I will give you life, ye vermin,  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the secret of the drink.†There stood the son and father  Ã‚  Ã‚  And they looked high and low;The heather was red around them,  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sea rumbled below.And up and spoke the father,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shrill was his voice to hear:â€Å"I have a word in private,  Ã‚  Ã‚  A word for the royal ear.â€Å"Life is dear to the aged,  Ã‚  Ã‚  And honour a little thing;I would gladly sell the secret,†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quoth the Pict to the King.His voice was small as a sparrow’s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  And shrill and wonderful clear:â€Å"I would gladly sell my secret,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only my son I fear.â€Å"For life is a little matter,  Ã‚  Ã‚  And death is nought to the young;And I dare not sell my honour  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under the eye of my son.Take him, O king, and bind him,  Ã‚  Ã‚  And cast him far in the deep;And it’s I will tell the secret  Ã‚  Ã‚  That I have sworn to keep.†They took the son and bound him,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neck and heels in a thong,And a lad took him and swung him,  Ã‚  Ã‚  And flung him far and strong,And the sea swallowed his body,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like that of a child of ten;- And there on the cliff stood the father,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Last of the dwarfish men. â€Å"True was the word I told you:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only my son I feared;For I doubt the sapling courage  Ã‚  Ã‚  That goes without the beard.But now in vain is the torture,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fire shall never avail:Here dies in my bosom  Ã‚  Ã‚  The secret of Heather Ale.†

Case Study for Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study for Total Quality Management - Essay Example Ever since 9/11 this industry has seen radical changes and movements towards downsizing and cost cutting. A company in this industry that was able to maintain a high level of customer service is Orbitz Corporation. This paper provides two answers to discussion questions of the case study Customer Service Processes at Orbitz. Mr. Patton was very satisfied with the level of service that he received. Corporations that provide good customer service are able to achieve higher levels of customer retention (Achievemax, 2009). There were various aspects of the experience Mr. Patton encountered which made him happy. First of all when he approached the company about the double billing problem the company was apologetic. After a short verification process which took a few minutes the firm admitted they were wrong. This is somewhat unusual because companies love to blame the customer. I once had a problem at an ATM that stole my money. I went to the bank and they claimed it was not their fault because they were the owners of the ATM and the protocol was for an investigation to occur. I was not satisfied with this response at all since all they had to do was contact the other bank that owned the ATM to check the video camera in order to verify that cash was not disbursed. Mr. Hatton was surprised that the company ad mitted the wrong doing so fast. Another dimension of the customer service at Orbitz that impressed Mr. Hatton was the short waiting time on the phone and the efficiency of their voicemail system. Inefficient voicemail system that keep routing the customer through way too many options typically anger customers to the point that at times the customer prefers to hang up than to continue the ordeal (Crestcapital, 2006). Another aspect of the customer service that impressed Mr. Hatton was that the company apologized for the mistake on various occasions. At the end of the process Orbitz send Mr. Hatton a letter apologizing with a

Toy Central Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toy Central Corporation - Case Study Example People with variety of roles, such as those who formulate and implement policies and those monitor systems are accountable for the success or failure of the process. The findings from interim audit procedures conducted in July and August 2007 reveals that the controls over the purchase and payments systems are managed efficiently. However, the delayed production to satisfy the enormous demand during 2006 holiday selling season had also created a lag in the smooth running of the business. Though a fair quantity of this product was sold out for Valentine’s Day 2007, rest of them was returned to TCC for a full refund. This created an adverse situation within the firm in managing the inventory. But it does not sound nice to go into the holiday season selling with the same stock again. This control issues must be looked into by the management. The physical environment in which companies conduct their business continues to change dramatically, and it requires the firms to make chang es in their policies. Economic factors, advances in technology, and increasing global competition are some of the elements that force the management into greater challenges to control and manage liquidity while increasing sales (Preparing for internal control reporting, 2002). TCC executive have been putting efforts to boost the sales in September, the month that is â€Å"quiet before the storm† by negotiating with the Fathom Studios to obtain the right to produce the plastic-cast of the movie Delgo. Even though TCC had accrued $500,000 of sales revenue in September 2007 as expected while making the agreement, it had a delay in reaching the objectives. There was a delay in reaching the final licensing agreement which in turn delayed the final completion of the character toys. In the same way, TCC had invested nearly $150,000 in creating state-of-the-art software tools to develop Linux games. This decision seems to be a wrong one and shows the weakness of the control over fina ncial reporting of the firm. On the other hand, the companies who hold the intellectual property rights to produce popular games currently produce consoles and computers that run on Windows based software. Therefore, investing too much on developing games for Linux based consoles may not bring the expected return over the investment. Most of the disbursements made by TCC were for purchase and of raw materials from suppliers in Taiwan. Though all items were properly accounted, there was inaccuracy in the accounts. One item seemed unusual in comparison to the sample. The transaction involved a $10,000 payment to the International Transport Union, requisitioned by TCC’s VP-Operations and approved by the CFO. The VP explains that the payment was â€Å"a gesture of support for U.S. transport workers—a gesture we believe is important these days, as transport workers believe they are significantly underpaid and talking about organizing work stoppage and strikes† (Earle y &Philips, 2008). Though it was a non-operating expense, it shows a too much expense on the non-productive functions. The TCC’s management had fallen short in making correct financial analysis and preparing effective financial reporting. The findings of the interim report reveal that the retailers dramatically reduced the quantity of toys that they were willing to undertake in 2006 and sustained it through 2007. This reduction in the supply had intensified competition among all manufacturers of consumer

Bronfenbrenner Ecological Systems Theory

Bronfenbrenner Ecological Systems Theory The microsystem is the most influential system because the child has direct interaction with these individuals; that interaction occurs on a consistent basis over an extended period of time (Brofenbrenner, 2004). Family is the most significant relationship of the microsystem; they play an intricate part in the ecological human development. The most time is spent at home with the family; they provide shelter and safety, and also provide emotional support for the child. The parent for example, interacts with the child on a daily basis, they provide a safe and healthy relationship and an environment for them to grow and prosper. The way the parent plays with the child, teaches them, and communicates with them has a lot of influence on their development. The parenting style a child receives paves the way in their ability to communicate with others, their self-esteem, and the attitude and behaviors they exude. The main parenting styles are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and non-involved. The authoritarian parent is strict and demanding; this creates a child that grows up to behave withdrawn, fearful, and distrustful of others. On the opposite end of the spectrum is the permissive parent. The child raised in a permissive household is more likely to be aggressive, impulsive, and have little self-reliance. The healthy balance between the two styles is the authoritative parent who raises a content, cooperative, and self-reliant child (Berns, 2010). The parent gives the child the ability to create secure attachments with others and to have a healthy and positive disposition. The emotional connectivity of this relationship is a direct reflection of a childs ability to connect and communicate with all other systems. Parenting styles are not the only ways that family can influence development; family structure also has a great impact. The nuclear family consists of a mom, a dad, and the children, but not all households are structured this way. Divorce is an unfortunate reality in this day and age and the adaptation plays a large role for the child. Not only does the child not get to live in a household that has both parents which provides a healthy surrounding and assures the child of love, but they may have to listen to the consequences of how each parent deals with the divorce itself. Counseling, mediation, custody battles, and fighting are all situations that the child may be surrounded by. The financial consequences will affect the family and the child would not live in the same lifestyle as they would if both parents were together because the income would be cut in half. Peers, community, and schools also affect the child. The peer groups help the child gain independence and discover their sense of self. Negative experiences with peers such as bullying can hurt the childs self-esteem, affect how they interact with their others, and their ability to communicate and socialize with their peers with ease. School is another very important relationship. This gives the child a chance to learn the fundamentals needed as an adult and to help them develop different skills and appropriate behavior. Every child learns differently; they may be an auditory, visual, spatial, or kinesthetic learner. It is the teacher and schools responsibility to discover this and take the best course of action to implement and teaching style that works best for the child. The second system that influences development is the mesosystem. Mesosystems may be described a links in a chain. They consist of linkages and interrelationships that exist between two or more of the individuals microsystems. These interrelationships involve a variety of settings that the child is immersed in; the influences that bind us together (Feldman, 2008). Examples of this system may be the linkage between family and peers, family and school, school and community, and so on. Schooling is the perfect example of the mesosystems linkage between family and school. The more involved the parent is with the childs school, increases the likelihood of that child excelling in school, receiving higher grades, and attending college in the future. The involvement that the family has with the childs learning before they enter school creates a positive attitude towards their future learning. When it comes to the childs relationship with school, the more perceptive that the family and teachers are in their learning with affect their educational experience. They will learn how to complete tasks, problem solve, and understand rewards and consequences. There is also an important linkage between school and the community. Higher funded schools have more resources available to students; these resources extend the learning process. More books, informative television programs and movies, supplies, crafts, and the ability to go on field trips may provide a more stimulating environment and positive outlook on a childs involvement and learning at school. Community support and donations can help increase learning in the classroom. The exosystem is the third system of Bronfenbrenners theory of human development. These influences are indirect; the child itself is not an active participant, however it does have an impact on an active member of  their microsystem. This may consist of the parents career or financial situation, political systems, social support networks, etcetera. As stated above, exosystems have an indirect affect on the child through career, their socioeconomic status, or the government. A parents socioeconomic status affects the child because they may not have the means to purchase educational materials or live in a nice home, if they have a home at all. Children born into poverty statistically have lower self-esteem, are less likely to excel in school or are more likely to drop out, and they are more susceptible to violence and crime. A parents job may also influence a child indirectly. A parent that has to travel a lot for work or stay late hours must place their child in non-parental child care. Different forms of this non-parental care will affect that child differently. There are child care centers, family day cares, and in-home care of a nanny that may be used to watch over the children. The accreditations are different for each type, and there are different programs, such as health, nutrition, and learning programs. Although there are many different options that the family has when they do not have the ability to stay at home with the child, but it is still no substitute for being cared for by their parent. Although sometimes a parent has no choice but to place their child in a day care program, there can be some developmental consequences to this. The child will be able to socialize with peers more easily, but they tend to be less cooperative and unresponsive with adults. The longer the child stays in non-parental care, the more likely they are to develop insecure attachments, are at risk for problems with emotions and in behavior. They are also more likely to be aggressive and defiant. The final system involved is the macrosystem. This system is societal and has a larger context involved in culture. This type of system influences the developing child in a much broader context; the beliefs of the family and their lifestyle, education, religion, and mass media. What society places as the social norms, expected roles, and what a relationship is supposed to look like. Macrosystem influences come from cultural views in society. Views of roles, such as gender roles, have a set of associated behaviors that are expected in that individual. A boy must be a strong provider and shouldnt cry, or a girl should be a nurturer and domesticated are examples of these gender roles inflicted on society. Different values and lifestyle are also a large influence to that child. Believing in the necessity of owning a large home, having expensive cars, or that as adults, they need to be married with a white picket fence and 2.5 children. Morals and values stem from the familys beliefs and religious law; although sometimes the religious laws coincide with federal. Religions such as Catholicism, Lutheranism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Atheism, are all extremely different from one another and go along a different belief system with different sets of values which influence the individual. Children that grow up believing in some form of Christianity may have different values than a child that grew up in an Atheist household. Mass media and culture are intertwined, but the influence of media is widespread and comes in a variety of forms; screen media, print media, audio media, and interactive media. Media influences value, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior explains Berns (2010, pg 321). At least one form of media can be found basically anywhere and is used to communicate and spread information to a large group of people simultaneously. Screen media that comes in television form spreads so quickly and easily influences young and impressionable minds. In some respects the exposure can be a good thing; it is mentally stimulating, can be educational and useful in a classroom to help students understand information in a different way. Programs for younger children such as Dora the Explorer and Blues Clues are a great way to teach young children colors, numbers, mathematics, and linguistics. Unfortunately there are downsides to this. Not all programs are suitable for young children; they may contain graphic viol ence, foul language, and sexually explicit material that is inappropriate for this age group. This information can ingrain the idea of what life should be like or how the child should behave, this sets up negative associations and roles. Violent and graphic material could result in negative behaviors such as aggression or bullying others, it may also cause the childs imagination to run wild which may be scary, exciting, or intimidating for the child. Too much time in front of the television, or focused on any type of media really, can take away from time spent with the family and engaging in family activities, or it can also affect physical activity. Print media is found in books, newspapers, magazines, and articles. Print media is beneficial because it enhances language and reading skills, it helps with comprehension, and overall cognitive development. Children may understand the sense of who they are because of all the stories and tales they read. A downside to this is that the ch ild may confuse negative actions and material with reality and fantasy. Just as with screen media, print, audio, and interactive media instill the ideas behind different stereotypes; this can be a major concern for problems in the future and self-esteem. Overall between all forms of media there are positives and negatives. They increase cognitive functioning and development, but children are impressionable and graphically violent and sexually explicit material is not good for young children and should be monitored by the parent. It is now apparent that ecological systems affect development Urie Bronfenbrenner was correct in his theory of the bioecological model of human development. There is significant data to show how influential the four systems influence a child. The microsystem consists of close intimate relationships of those in direct contact with the child; they are involved on a consistent basis and appear to be the most influential relationship. Family, peers, school, and the community are all examples of a microsystem. They all have a large impact on the childs socialization skills. Because a child spends so much time with their parents, this is the foundation for success. Teaching their children early what behaviors are acceptable or not, having a comforting and balanced parenting style will really help the child be cooperative, self-reliant, and content. Placing a strong focus on the importance of academics will help the child to succeed in school, also choosing the correct school to help the st udent learning in an environment suitable for their needs. Peers have a massive impact on the childs communication and interaction with others so its important that the parent keep positive influences around that child. The microsystem is the primary system of influence so keeping secure, positive, healthy relationships will help the childs development as they begin to feel the effects of the other systems. Like the links in a chain, the mesosystem combines the importance of the  impact that the microsystems have on each other. Just as school and family influence a child, the relationships between the two systems also have a direct impact on the child. This does not only consist of the two relationships, but all relationships in the microsystem. The indirect affect of the exosystem, such as the stressors of a parents career, will have its own impact. Long hours at the job can result in the child being enrolled in some sort of non-parental child care. The type of care provided coul d benefit the child in their education and learning skills, but may also have a negative impact on their emotional comfort and attachment caused by the lack of the parent being around. Finally, the macrosystem is the combination of culture, religion, mass media, and other influences that are widespread. Mass media has many benefits to the childs development. Media is mentally stimulating, it can increase imagination, and teach the child different skills such as language, communication, mathematics, colors, and other skills. Parents do need to monitor the media that a child does interact with. The graphic violence and sexually explicit material can be damaging for young and influential minds. They can create different stereotypes that can affect the way the child socializing with others, or their sense of self. The more time spent around different forms of media can take away from the quality time spent with the family, and can decrease the amount of physical activity for the child. Overall, the four different systems involved in Bronfenbrenners bioecological model of human development massively impact the socialization and cognitive development of a child.